How jihad went freelance
Al-Qaeda has evolved from a single group to an amorphous movement. Does that make it less dangerous or more so?
TERRORISTS are a bit like you and me, or so Marc Sageman suggests. It might be comforting to think that angry young Islamists are crazed psychopaths or sex-starved adolescents who have been brainwashed in malign madrassas. But Mr Sageman, a senior fellow at the Philadelphia-based Foreign Policy Research Institute, explodes each of these myths, and others besides, in an unsettling account of how al-Qaeda has evolved from the organisation headed by Osama bin Laden into an amorphous movement—a “leaderless jihad”.
Mr Sageman is a leading advocate of what is called the “buddy” theory of terrorism. He has spent much time asking why well-educated young men, from middle-class backgrounds, often with a secular education and wives and children, become suicide bombers. He suggests that radicalisation is a collective rather than an individual process in which friendship and kinship are key components.
The process has four stages. The initial trigger is a sense of moral outrage, usually over some incident of Muslim suffering in Iraq, Palestine, Chechnya or elsewhere. This acquires a broader context, becoming part of what Mr Sageman calls a “morality play” in which Islam and the West are seen to be at war. In stage three, the global and the local are fused, as geopolitical grievance resonates with personal experience of discrimination or joblessness. And finally the individual joins a terrorist cell, which becomes a surrogate family, nurturing the jihadist world-view and preparing the initiate for martyrdom. Many Muslims pass through the first three phases; only a few take the final step.
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Al-Qaeda has evolved from a single group to an amorphous movement. Does that make it less dangerous or more so?
TERRORISTS are a bit like you and me, or so Marc Sageman suggests. It might be comforting to think that angry young Islamists are crazed psychopaths or sex-starved adolescents who have been brainwashed in malign madrassas. But Mr Sageman, a senior fellow at the Philadelphia-based Foreign Policy Research Institute, explodes each of these myths, and others besides, in an unsettling account of how al-Qaeda has evolved from the organisation headed by Osama bin Laden into an amorphous movement—a “leaderless jihad”.
Mr Sageman is a leading advocate of what is called the “buddy” theory of terrorism. He has spent much time asking why well-educated young men, from middle-class backgrounds, often with a secular education and wives and children, become suicide bombers. He suggests that radicalisation is a collective rather than an individual process in which friendship and kinship are key components.
The process has four stages. The initial trigger is a sense of moral outrage, usually over some incident of Muslim suffering in Iraq, Palestine, Chechnya or elsewhere. This acquires a broader context, becoming part of what Mr Sageman calls a “morality play” in which Islam and the West are seen to be at war. In stage three, the global and the local are fused, as geopolitical grievance resonates with personal experience of discrimination or joblessness. And finally the individual joins a terrorist cell, which becomes a surrogate family, nurturing the jihadist world-view and preparing the initiate for martyrdom. Many Muslims pass through the first three phases; only a few take the final step.
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The islamic concept of peace is not the same concept of peace that you as a Westerner has...
Read below & you will learn what the islamic concept of peace is...
ISLAMIC CONCEPT OF PEACE:
An Exegesis of Islamic Peace
By Syed Kamran Mirza
The English word “peace” means tranquility or serenity, silence, freedom from war, freedom from anxiety, a state of harmony between people etc. All the people love to enjoy peace in their lives. Many a times Muslims call Islam as peace. Specially, after 9/11, Islamists echo continuously—“Islam means peace”. Therefore—Islam can not condone terrorism or war. Now, does anybody know what the Islamic concept of peace is? Do you know the Islamic peace do not signify the same meaning we learned from the English Dictionary? Here is the real meaning of Islamic concept of peace.
Islamic understanding of peace means submission or surrender. Peace comes (according to Islam) only after one surrenders or submits one’s self. Submission or surrender to whom? Submission to only Allah (Islamic God) and his messenger Muhammad. Therefore peace (Islamic) exists only inside the Dar-ul-Islam—the house of submission, after the conversion to Islam. That is the ultimate meaning of Islamic peace. The false meaning of Islam as peace misguides the gullible western non-Muslims. Conniving Islamists misguided President Bush and his White House staffs by their cheap shot of Islamic peace.
Peace with non-Muslims (Hindus, idolaters), and also those people of the Books (Christians and Jews) is impossible in Islam. According to Quran and its teachings—they should be given a chance/invitation to accept Islam, or be subjugated and killed if necessary. People of the Books (Christians and Jews) are to be fought against until they are subdued. Here is what Holy Quran says:
9:29: Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Books (Jews and Christians), until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.
To claim that Islam is a religion of peace is utterly untrue. Islam is committed to war, both by the example of Prophet Muhammad, (who fought against pagans and also against other tribes and religions until he subdued Mecca and Medina), and by the Quranic teachings supported by numerous Sahi hadiths. The Quran does teach that Muslims are never to initiate war, but Muslims are supposed to offer non-Muslims an opportunity/invitation to embrace Islam. If the non-Muslims refuse to accept Islam, this is viewed as aggression against Allah and Islam. Therefore Muslims are legitimately allowed to fight those aggressors until they are converted, or killed.
Most valid examples to my claim are the following Quranic verses below:
3:85: If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah), never will it be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter He will be in the ranks of those who have lost (All spiritual good).
8:39: And fight them on until there is no more tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah altogether and everywhere.
4:89:They long that ye should disbelieve even as they disbelieve, that ye may be upon a level (with them). So choose not friends from them till they forsake their homes in the way of Allah; if they turn renegades, sieze them and kill them wherever ye find them, and choose no friend nor helper from among them,”
22:19-22: These two antagonists dispute with each other about their Lord: But those who deny (their Lord),- for them will be cut out a garment of Fire: over their heads will be poured out boiling water. With it will be scalded what is within their bodies, as well as (their) skins. In addition there will be maces of iron (to punish) them. Every time they wish to get away therefrom, from anguish, they will be forced back therein, and (it will be said), “Taste ye the Penalty of Burning!” (What a sadist God?)
47:4: If you meet those who are infidels or non-believers, you cut their heads off and tie things around their necks, start a war and God will give victory and those who will die in the war fighting God will not forget their acts.
Now some sahi hadiths and quotes from Islamic thinkers:
(1)
By Syed Kamran Mirza
The English word “peace” means tranquility or serenity, silence, freedom from war, freedom from anxiety, a state of harmony between people etc. All the people love to enjoy peace in their lives. Many a times Muslims call Islam as peace. Specially, after 9/11, Islamists echo continuously—“Islam means peace”. Therefore—Islam can not condone terrorism or war. Now, does anybody know what the Islamic concept of peace is? Do you know the Islamic peace do not signify the same meaning we learned from the English Dictionary? Here is the real meaning of Islamic concept of peace.
Islamic understanding of peace means submission or surrender. Peace comes (according to Islam) only after one surrenders or submits one’s self. Submission or surrender to whom? Submission to only Allah (Islamic God) and his messenger Muhammad. Therefore peace (Islamic) exists only inside the Dar-ul-Islam—the house of submission, after the conversion to Islam. That is the ultimate meaning of Islamic peace. The false meaning of Islam as peace misguides the gullible western non-Muslims. Conniving Islamists misguided President Bush and his White House staffs by their cheap shot of Islamic peace.
Peace with non-Muslims (Hindus, idolaters), and also those people of the Books (Christians and Jews) is impossible in Islam. According to Quran and its teachings—they should be given a chance/invitation to accept Islam, or be subjugated and killed if necessary. People of the Books (Christians and Jews) are to be fought against until they are subdued. Here is what Holy Quran says:
9:29: Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Books (Jews and Christians), until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.
To claim that Islam is a religion of peace is utterly untrue. Islam is committed to war, both by the example of Prophet Muhammad, (who fought against pagans and also against other tribes and religions until he subdued Mecca and Medina), and by the Quranic teachings supported by numerous Sahi hadiths. The Quran does teach that Muslims are never to initiate war, but Muslims are supposed to offer non-Muslims an opportunity/invitation to embrace Islam. If the non-Muslims refuse to accept Islam, this is viewed as aggression against Allah and Islam. Therefore Muslims are legitimately allowed to fight those aggressors until they are converted, or killed.
Most valid examples to my claim are the following Quranic verses below:
3:85: If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah), never will it be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter He will be in the ranks of those who have lost (All spiritual good).
8:39: And fight them on until there is no more tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah altogether and everywhere.
4:89:They long that ye should disbelieve even as they disbelieve, that ye may be upon a level (with them). So choose not friends from them till they forsake their homes in the way of Allah; if they turn renegades, sieze them and kill them wherever ye find them, and choose no friend nor helper from among them,”
22:19-22: These two antagonists dispute with each other about their Lord: But those who deny (their Lord),- for them will be cut out a garment of Fire: over their heads will be poured out boiling water. With it will be scalded what is within their bodies, as well as (their) skins. In addition there will be maces of iron (to punish) them. Every time they wish to get away therefrom, from anguish, they will be forced back therein, and (it will be said), “Taste ye the Penalty of Burning!” (What a sadist God?)
47:4: If you meet those who are infidels or non-believers, you cut their heads off and tie things around their necks, start a war and God will give victory and those who will die in the war fighting God will not forget their acts.
Now some sahi hadiths and quotes from Islamic thinkers:
(1)
Alsaylu Jarar (4:518-519) by Al-Shawkani. Shawkani:
"Islam is unanimous about fighting the unbelievers and forcing them to Islam or submitting and paying Jizya tax (protection money for the Jews and the Christians only) or being killed. The verse about forgiving them are abrogated unanimously by the obligation of fighting in any case".
(2)
The Baydawi quoted in his book (The lights of Revelation, page-252):
“Fight Jews and Christians because they violated the origin of their faith and they do not believe in the religion of the truth (Islam), which abrogated all other religions. Fight them until they pay the poll-tax (Ziziya tax) with submission and humiliation.”
(3)
The well-known Egyptian scholar, Sayyid Qutb, (Sayyid Qutb, Milestones, Revised Edition, chapter. 4, “Jihaad in the Cause of God") notes four stages in the development of jihad:
While the earliest Muslims remained in Mecca before fleeing to Medina, God did not allow them to fight;
While the earliest Muslims remained in Mecca before fleeing to Medina, God did not allow them to fight;
Permission is given to Muslims to fight against their oppressors;
God commands Muslims to fight those fighting them;
God commands the Muslims to fight against all polytheists.
Sayyid Qutb views each stage to be replaced by the next stage in this order, the fourth stage to remain permanent.
(4)
Introduction section of the English translation of Sahih Bukhari by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan, Medina Islamic University. In the same section Dr M. Muhsin Khan writes:
, "Then Allah revealed in Sura Bara’at (9) the order to discard (all) the obligations (covenants, etc.) and commanded the Muslims to fight against all the pagans as well as against the people of the scriptures (Jews and Christians) if they do not embrace Islam, till they pay the Jizya (a tax levied on the Jews and Christians who do not embrace Islam and are under the protection of an Islamic government) with willing submission and feel themselves subdued (9:29). So they (Muslims) were not permitted to abandon ‘the fighting’ against them (Pagans, Jews and Christians) and to reconcile with them and to suspend hostilities against them for an unlimited period while they are strong and have the possibility of fighting against them."
(5) Opinion by an Islamist General: Hamid Gul - the Islamist and former Pakistani general was interviewed by the BBC News, Monday, 5 August, 2002. This Jihadi General of Pakistan said,
“Armed resistance, of the oppressed people, of the persecuted people, of the enslaved people - that jihad has the UN sanction. Who is Pervez Musharraf to say we should stop that, when the Koran says it and when the United Nations Charter backs it up? Musharraf says: “Stop the jihad, do this, that and the other.” No, no, no. He cannot. There is a clear-cut Koranic injunction”.
(6) Sahi Buchari #1246, page-1180: Hazrat Ali (ra) narrated,
(6) Sahi Buchari #1246, page-1180: Hazrat Ali (ra) narrated,
“Certainly I heard Prophet Muhammad saying, in the days of last era, there will be some people evolved who will talk very nice and gentle, but they will never have faith upon Allah, and their faith will be expelled from their heats like the way an arrow is expelled from a bow. Therefore, you would kill them where ever you find them, because whoever will kill them they will be rewarded by Allah at the Judgement day with heaven."
The above verses, opinions from various Islamic thinkers and Sahi hadith made Islam a religion of fear and terror and not a religion of peace by any means. There will be continuous war in the world as long as some fanatics will believe in Muhammad, his example and his teachings. The Islamic concept of peace meaning making the whole world Muslim is undoubtedly a mandate for war. After that peace will prevail in the earth of Allah. That is the ultimate exegesis of the Arabic word “Islam”.
The above verses, opinions from various Islamic thinkers and Sahi hadith made Islam a religion of fear and terror and not a religion of peace by any means. There will be continuous war in the world as long as some fanatics will believe in Muhammad, his example and his teachings. The Islamic concept of peace meaning making the whole world Muslim is undoubtedly a mandate for war. After that peace will prevail in the earth of Allah. That is the ultimate exegesis of the Arabic word “Islam”.
...
Conclusion:
Islam is not a religion of peace; rather Islam means surrender to the religion of Islam. If anybody surrenders to Islam only then Islam means peace! On another situation, Islam means peace only when Muslims are small minority (example: Muslims in the western world); but when Muslims get majority or even a considerable size, Islam means violence and intolerance to others. In that situation, Islam gets the divine mandate (Dictums of Quran and hadiths) to invite, force, subjugate, and even to fight to convert other people to bring them under the fold of Islam. Only after that—Islam means peace!
Islam is not a religion of peace; rather Islam means surrender to the religion of Islam. If anybody surrenders to Islam only then Islam means peace! On another situation, Islam means peace only when Muslims are small minority (example: Muslims in the western world); but when Muslims get majority or even a considerable size, Islam means violence and intolerance to others. In that situation, Islam gets the divine mandate (Dictums of Quran and hadiths) to invite, force, subjugate, and even to fight to convert other people to bring them under the fold of Islam. Only after that—Islam means peace!
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