[Opinion] A response to 'Islamophobia and women's rights'
Fiza Fatima Asar (FizaPK)
There are more than a billion Muslims all over the world today. Fifty percent of them are women. About 6 million live in the U.S. alone. Muslims are spread all over the world and belong to varying cultural backgrounds. Many of their actions are based on cultural or national norms, and are thus a reflection of the region's cultural/social history and not the religion that they follow. In this respect, it is our responsibility and everyone's right to hear the truth based on facts -- facts and truth which are manipulated, ignored or often deliberately secluded from our knowledge.
Often critics of Islam express their disagreement with Muslim sympathizers and "media-usage" or rather "media-misusage" critics by basing their opinions on how Muslims treat women. Unfortunately however, unable to make a distinction between Muslims and Islam, their commonly used statement is that "Islam suppresses women." Little is it realized that perhaps that idea too is aided by images displayed in the popular media and their interpretations of it. More often than not, humans fall prey to exactly the kind of stereotypes and creation of "other" thinkers around the world have been fighting against.
As a result of the chauvinistic image of Islam that has been created, most of us are unaware of the fact that one of the earliest caliphs of the Muslim world, Umar (also a close friend of the Prophet of Islam) appointed a woman as "auditor for market activities." This position today is parallel to Chief Justice for commercial activities or the Minister of Economy.
Also, only after consultation with women (headed by his daughter Hafsa, also a wife of Muhammad) Umar decided that it is a woman's right that her husband should not be away from her for longer than four months, even if he was a soldier. Thus, all men in military service used to return home after a certain period of time.
The wives and daughters of Muhammad have been set as examples for all Muslims irrespective of gender. They became leaders of the faith and important resources of information on the life of Muhammad. Prophet Muhammad's wife, Khadija -- in fact the first person to accept Islam, was a thriving businesswoman in Arabia. She was 15 years older than Prophet Muhammad. She continued with her business even after her marriage. At the time Muhammad received the message of Islam, his opponents jeered at him saying no one would remember him because he did not have a son to continue his lineage. Islam, therefore, propagates that lineage was not something to be connected only with sons. The most cherished being for Muhammad was his daughter Fatima.
Muhammad banned female infanticide deeming it unlawful according to Islam. For the pre-Islamic world and thereafter, Islam became a message of feminism. Muhammad said that a man who provided for and educated two or more daughters was sure to reach Paradise. The Qur'an does not single out the woman (Eve) for the cause of the Original Sin. Both Adam and Eve were equally responsible for listening to Satan and eating the fruit that had been labeled forbidden. Islamic law preaches that marriage is a contract to be negotiated; women have the right to divorce, the right to own property and to inherit money. She has the right to accept or reject a marriage proposal, receive child support in the event of a divorce, and to live free from spousal abuse. She even has the right to demand of her husband to provide her with someone to look after the house and the children.
The woman, as a mother, is highly honored in Islam. Muhammad claimed, "Paradise lies under the feet of your mothers." Once a man visited the Prophet Muhammad and asked him if one was to strive for Heaven, whom should he serve? The Prophet replied "God." The man asked "and then?" and the Prophet said "your mother." The man asked twice again, "and next?" and the Prophet replied each time "your mother." The man then asked who would the fourth person be and Muhammad then said "your father." Most interestingly according to Islamic belief, in the world hereafter a person would be identified by the name of their mother and not by the father's name!
The Muslim world today displays examples of these strong, liberal women leaders. The fact that the Muslim world considers them to be strong and takes pride in their qualities clearly breaks the stereotypes attached to Islam and the Islamic world by the media. Bangladesh has had more than one woman heading the nation -- Khalida Zia and Hasina Wajid. Megawati Sukarnoputri is the current president of Indonesia. The people of the Islamic republic of Pakistan twice elected a woman Prime Minister, Benazir Bhutto. We have yet to see America choose a woman to lead the country. Shirin Ibadi has been given the Nobel Peace Prize -- she hails from the Islamic republic of Iran. Dr. Ingrid Mattson is a prominent Islamic scholar and lecturer.
Like in other parts of the Muslim world, in Pakistan too, one of the most famous Islamic centres and institutions is Al-Huda international. This is an institution solely for women, where women run the management, are scholars, are educated to become scholars, and where lay worshipers can attend at any time for mere acquisition of some knowledge or prayer. Everyday the prayers here are led by the women scholars working in the institution. Every day several women pray behind the woman imam and can ask questions and interact in any way possible. The scholars from this institution are highly regarded by all Islamic circles of the country irrespective of their gender.
What is also worth pointing out here is that there are speakers in the parking lots and staircases of the building where Al-Huda lectures take place. Having hired drivers is extremely common in Pakistani society, and the women who attend the lectures usually have large numbers of cars parked in the parking lot with drivers. The men from nearby shops or guards from nearby buildings all collect here too. The women scholars from Al-Huda are revered so highly that the poor, assumedly uneducated men from society also listen to their lectures attentively. Interestingly enough, if an outside observer were to look at this spectacle, they could perhaps interpret this to mean that men are regarded as less equal to women since it is the women who are in direct contact with the scholars.
An important point Said raises on page 165 of his book Covering Islam is that "there is never interpretation, understanding, and then knowledge where there is no interest." So long as we do not realize that and try and rise above our own past prejudices before studying Muslims and Islam, we cannot gain much from our study. Before assuming that we are thinking "critically" there is a need to understand that the student must feel that he or she is answerable to the culture and the people being spoken about.
Women in Islam: An exegesis
By Abul Kasem
Prologue: After the Islamic revolution in Iran many people became interested in Islam, which was, hitherto, a very obscure religion usually associated with the Arabs, the poor, and the Blacks. Although I was a born Muslim and was indoctrinated in the faith in a very rigid manner in my childhood, I had very little idea about the ‘real Islam.’ Just like most Bangladeshis, I thought Islam to be peaceful, tolerant, and very positive towards women. After the Iranian revolution, I read a lot about Islam. The advent of Internet brought me the greatest opportunity to learn about Islam in a short period of time. I scanned innumerable essays in various Islamic web sites written by Islamic scholars mostly residing in the Western countries. Their essays on women gave an impression that Islam has many goodies for them. Like an ordinary gullible Muslim, I also believed in whatever they wrote. Then I found a great discrepancy in what these Islamic scholars (read Islamists) wrote and the unspeakable barbarity and gross unfairness perpetrated on the women in the Islamic paradises like, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and certain parts of Nigeria and Malaysia. If the present trend continues, then, soon Bangladesh would be in the list of Islamic paradises. I thought about my aging mother. I thought about my working sisters. I thought about my loving wife. I was greatly distressed when I thought of what could happen to these dearest relations of my life if Bangladesh goes Islamic and Allah’s laws (read Sharia) are enforced in Bangladesh. This forced me to dig deeper and deeper into Islam and especially the Sharia provision/s for women. I made a microscopic dissection of Islam from its very root. What I found was shocking. Sometimes, I just could not believe what I was reading. Thus, I completely discarded the explanations, apologies, and tafsirs from the erudite Islamic scholars and started to use my own brain, common sense, and judgment to find the truth. After I found the ‘real Islam’, I could not look straight into the eyes of my mother. I could not sit comfortably with my sisters. I could not be at ease with my wife. I was forced to pick up the pen (read keyboard) to tell all the mothers, sisters, and wives of Islamic faith what Sharia/Islam means for them. We must let our women folk know the truth about the treatment of Islamic women before many so called ‘moderate’ Muslim countries bring this Trojan Horse into their lives and become another Afghanistan, Iran, or the Northern parts of Nigeria and Malaysia. As I write, I heard the news that a Nigerian woman would be stoned to death after her newly born so called illegitimate daughter is weaned, probably after a period of two years. Please think of this barbarity. Please remember your mother, remember your sisters and your loving wife when you read this essay. Won’t you?
This essay is quite lengthy. I apologize for writing such a prolix article, but I could not help it. No matter how much I tried, I could not shorten further. It had to be very lengthy, for there is so much to tell. For convenience, I have divided the essay in 7 (seven parts).
To begin with, let us start with the unfairness of Allah towards women.
Allah prefers men and you know it!
The interdependency of men and women is recognized in Islam. This is because of the importance of women as a preserver of human species. However, a thorough examination of Qur’an, ahadith and the Islamic Sharia clearly demonstrates the heavy bias of Allah towards men.
Why men are considered superior? It is because of their physical strength, financial ability to pay dower and to spend on women. The Qur’an is very clear about the superiority of men over women. Let us review a few verses from Qur’an to demonstrate this fact.
Men have a degree over women...2:228
002.228
YUSUFALI: Divorced women shall wait concerning themselves for three monthly periods. Nor is it lawful for them to hide what Allah Hath created in their wombs, if they have faith in Allah and the Last Day. And their husbands have the better right to take them back in that period, if they wish for reconciliation. And women shall have rights similar to the rights against them, according to what is equitable; but men have a degree (of advantage) over them. And Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise.
This verse establishes the supremacy of men over women, although Qur’an ambiguously claims to bestow similar rights for both men and women. This verse never mentions what those rights are; neither do we find the clarification on this matter in the entire Qur’an. Therefore, a variety of interpretation can be made out of this verse. This verse can really be used to justify anything that a man can find convenient to establish his superiority over women. Of course, the Islamic apologists take this opportunity to make Qur’an look very fair and non-discriminatory to women. It could be true that Muhammad really wanted to see some improvement of status of women in Arabia during his time. However, he was reluctant to enforce a radical change for fear of a backlash from the male dominated Arab society. This verse may look a little benign for it does mention about certain rights of women although not being so specific. To see the real Islamic treatment of women we need to look elsewhere.
Let us examine the following verse up close:
Men are protectors and maintainers of women; women must be devoutly obedient, if not then beat them...4:34
004.034
YUSUFALI: Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband's) absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them (first), (Next), refuse to share their beds, (And last) beat them (lightly); but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means (of annoyance): For Allah is Most High, great (above you all).
The above verse is quite clear about the superiority of men over women. The verse is lucid in telling the reason for the superiority of men. It is because of their physical strength and their ability to support women financially. Islamists often use this divine decree to justify the subjugation of women in Islam. But their logic falls flat if we recognize today’s reality that physical size and strength does not mean a thing. Many animals are much stronger physically than men. How about an elephant? An elephant is hugely stronger than a man is but that does not make it superior to a human. Similarly, a woman may be weaker in physical strength (with proper training a woman can be as strong as any man, if not more) but her physical weakness, in no way make her inferior to men. Financial dependence? This could be true for some ancient societies; but surely not true any more. We have many examples of single women leading a financially independent happy life. There are plenty of single mums (either widowed, divorced or unmarried) who steadfastly support her family without the help of any man.
This verse also prescribes physical punishment for disobedient women. I shall write more on Islamic wife beating later. Why does God have to prescribe this torture on wives? Isn’t it because men make women dependent on them? Imagine what would happen to a man if he were completely dependent on a woman for his financial support? Will he dare to raise his hand against her?
Please note the comment (lightly) inserted by the translator Yusuf Ali. He deliberately did this keeping in mind that beating is a gross indecency and a criminal offence in western societies. His purpose of translation of Qur’an was primarily aimed at the western people and the non-Muslims. That is why he softens Qur’an from its extremely harsh statements. The original Qur’an and the translation by other authors do not contain the comment (slightly) insert. Here is the translation of Pickthal and Shakir. While Pickthal translates to whip women, Shakir translates as plain beating without specifying the method.
PICKTHAL: Men are in charge of women, because Allah hath made the one of them to excel the other, and because they spend of their property (for the support of women). So good women are the obedient, guarding in secret that which Allah hath guarded. As for those from whom ye fear rebellion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge them. Then if they obey you, seek not a way against them. Lo! Allah is ever High, Exalted, Great.
SHAKIR: Men are the maintainers of women because Allah has made some of them to excel others and because they spend out of their property; the good women are therefore obedient, guarding the unseen as Allah has guarded; and (as to) those on whose part you fear desertion, admonish them, and leave them alone in the sleeping-places and beat them; then if they obey you, do not seek a way against them; surely Allah is High, Great.
When Qur’an treats women in such a disgraceful manner, one may wonder why almighty Allah created women after all. Was it not better to have no woman at all? Actually, Qur’an does not really know the reason for creation of women because Qur’an is not really from God.
Muhammad himself with the help of a few of his scribes wrote it. Therefore, in Qur’an we simply find the mention of what people believed in those days regarding the creation of human albeit in a new format.
Here is the verse that tells the reason for the creation of women
God created us from a single person and made mate of like nature; pregnancy is a light burden to women...7:189
007.189
YUSUFALI: It is He Who created you from a single person, and made his mate of like nature, in order that he might dwell with her (in love). When they are united, she bears a light burden and carries it about (unnoticed). When she grows heavy, they both pray to Allah their Lord, (saying): "If Thou givest us a goodly child, we vow we shall (ever) be grateful."
The verse is rather very ambiguous. It says that God created a single person first. What was the sex of that single person? Islamists often use this verse to portray the sexual equality of Islam and how Islam differs from the Christianity and Judaism. In the Bible God says that He created Adam first then He created Eve from Adam’s rib. Do not be fooled by this simple-minded interpretation of the Islamists. The key word in this verse is ‘you’. Who is this ‘you’ that God seems to be talking to. Is it a man or a woman? Remember, whom did God reveal the Qur’an? It was not a woman but a man. Moreover, elsewhere in the Hadith we read that women were created from a rib that is why they are crooked (See Shahih Muslim 8.3467). Therefore, the meaning of this verse is no different from the verse in the Bible. In this verse, the Qur’an says that women were created to give companion and pleasure to men. Please take a moment to read and think about the meaning of this verse once again. We do not really need exegesis/mullahs/Islamists to tell us the “Real” Tafsir of this verse. Simple common sense tells us that God created women to give men companionship and pleasure and to bear children. God did not create women as his primary reason. One may conclude that God made women on second thought to alleviate the loneliness and the dullness for men. Women were merely created for men’s sensuous pleasure. Pure and simple. This is obvious from the following verse.
God created mate for tranquil living and put love and mercy among sexes…30:21
030.021
YUSUFALI: And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may dwell in tranquillity with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts): verily in that are Signs for those who reflect.
Does this verse seem to be contradicting the previous verse (7:189)? Of course, it does. This verse seems to suggest that God created women for men and vice versa. That is to say, God created two persons, and not one as was suggested in the previous (7:189) verse. Doesn’t it? Who was created first? Man or the woman? Surely, God did not create men to give pleasure and tranquillity to women. It was the woman who was created for men. Thus, from the very beginning of creation of human we see the unfairness of God. Not only that God created woman as a second thought but also he burdened her with the task of child bearing. One may legitimately ask, ‘Why? Why God has to put women in such a burdensome position?’ The answer, if we go by the Islamic rule, is a simple one. Only God knows the answer. And that’s all. But it is not that difficult to ponder on the real reason. All religious books are written by men (religionists say that they are the messages sent by God through His postman like Gabriel). It is, then a simple matter to realize that these prophets of God could never displease men by giving them a secondary position (like women) in the process of creation. Therefore, the women must accept without question the superiority of men. After all, pregnancy and giving birth are dirty/painful jobs that fit only slaves. Doesn’t it make sense to realize that when these ‘messengers of God’ wrote their holy scriptures they viewed women as nothing more than sexual pleasures and slaves to carry the burden of sex (pregnancy)? Read the ancient history of Arabia that will confirm of what I have written.
Can you then guess what would have been the story of creation of Adam and Eve if God’s messengers were women?
Another reason given by Qur’an as to why God prefers men is simply laughable. Have a look at the following verse.
Men love to purify themselves…9:108
009.108
YUSUFALI: Never stand thou forth therein. There is a mosque whose foundation was laid from the first day on piety; it is more worthy of the standing forth (for prayer) therein. In it are men who love to be purified; and Allah loveth those who make themselves pure.
In this verse, the Qur’an says that God prefers men because they (the men) love to purify themselves. Are we then to assume that the women does not know how to purify/cleanse themselves? In other words, are women unclean? Of course, the apologists will say that the meaning of purify means spiritual/mystical, sublime etc. Nowhere in the verse, it says what is the meaning of purification. It could be both spiritual as well as physical (meaning ablution before prayer). Let us take examples from the real world. Are there differences in cleanliness/purification between men and women? The answer is ‘No.’ Then, why should Qur’an use such inane argument to justify the divine superiority of men? Some may say that the verse did not say that the women do not know how to purify; it simply says that God loves those men who go to the mosque and purify themselves. This argument is simply not unacceptable. Are not women allowed in the mosque? If it is so, then the unfairness of God becomes more inexcusable. Why does God blatantly show his preference for men when both sexes are equally praying in the mosque? Isn’t it a kind of religious apartheid?
This kind of Islamic bias for men is again demonstrated in the following verse.
Men are true to their covenant…33:23
033.023
YUSUFALI: Among the Believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah: of them some have completed their vow (to the extreme), and some (still) wait: but they have never changed (their determination) in the least:
How about the believing women? Are they not true to their faith and are they not ready to die for it? We shall, later in this article, see that women are equally commanded by God to go for Jihad and lay down their lives, if required. Why then God has a clear bias for men? Does not God trust women believers regarding their truthfulness and fealty in faith?
Only men receive revelation from God
The Qur’an and God are absolutely adamant that only men are capable of handling revelations from God. God always sends revelations to men. Thus, we have all the prophets to be men. God has never selected a woman as a prophet and in future also, he will not do so. Here are two verses that demonstrate amply this unreasonable desire of God. Have you ever wondered what would have God decided if women were financially strong in the Arabian Desert? What would have God chosen? Do you remember many extant tribal societies where the women ruled supreme? I wonder why God overlooked them.
For more unfairness of God, look at the following verses.
Revelations are sent to men only…12:109
012.109
YUSUFALI: Nor did We send before thee (as messengers) any but men, whom we did inspire,- (men) living in human habitations. Do they not travel through the earth, and see what was the end of those before them? But the home of the hereafter is best, for those who do right. Will ye not then understand?
Only men are chosen by God to be His messengers…16:43
016.043
YUSUFALI: And before thee also the messengers We sent were but men, to whom We granted inspiration: if ye realise this not, ask of those who possess the Message.
God chooses messengers from men and angels…22:75
022.075
YUSUFALI: Allah chooses messengers from angels and from men for Allah is He Who hears and sees (all things).
Let us briefly review those three verses. In 12.109 God says that he had never sent any messenger before Muhammad who was not a man. Muslims believe that Muhammad is the last prophet and messenger from God. Therefore, the natural conclusion is that there will never ever be woman messenger from God. In verse 16:43, God confirms his commitment of selecting only men as his messenger before Muhammad was selected to be his Prophet and messenger. This is to say that God had never selected a woman in the past to be his messenger. In 22:75, God confuses us. This time he says that he sometimes chooses men and sometimes chooses angels as his messengers. We have heard the name of a few messengers of God including Muhammad. Who were the angels sent as messengers? Was it Gabriel, Michael, Azazil, Azrael, Malik, Harut or Marut? Or does God mean that men and angels are at the same level in the eyes of God as far as the reception of his messages are concerned? Why were women excluded from the list of angels? This, too, is answered in the following verse.
Men are superior in the worshipping of God …24:37
024.037YUSUFALI: By men whom neither traffic nor merchandise can divert from the Remembrance of Allah, nor from regular Prayer, nor from the practice of regular Charity: Their (only) fear is for the Day when hearts and eyes will be transformed (in a world wholly new),-
Well, the above verse tells it all. Men are simply miles ahead in the worshipping of God than the women folks. Need no further explanation.
Here is a hadith that tells us that there never were perfect women although there were many perfect men. Since God is the only authority who reserves the right to bestow perfection to whomever he pleases, we must, therefore, conclude that only men are given perfection and not women no matter how much they (the women) may try. Perfection by women is simply out of question.
There are many perfect men but there are no perfect women except Mary, Asiya (Pharaoh’s wife) and Aisha (Muhammad’s wife)… (Shahih Muslim 31.5966)
Book 031, Number 5966:
Abu Musa reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: There are many persons amongst men who are quite perfect but there are not perfect amongst women except Mary, daughter of 'Imran, Asiya wife of Pharaoh, and the excellence of 'A'isha as compared to women is that of Tharid over all other foods.
Having established the indisputable superiority of men, God now elevates a man to the position of a kind of smaller god in the eyes of women. Here is what Islam thinks a woman should do for a man.
A man is next to God for a woman
This concept of absolute superiority of men in Islam is very similar to the Hindu practice. In Hinduism, women are asked to worship their husbands as Devota (demi God). Islam is no different on this. A woman’s single purpose in life is to please her husband. Nothing is holier than this. In fact, if a woman were required to worship any one other than God it would be her husband. In hadith we read:
If a woman is to prostrate to another person (besides Allah) it will be her husband.
.(Sunaan Abu Dawud 11.2135)
Book 11, Number 2135:
Narrated Qays ibn Sa'd:
I went to al-Hirah and saw them (the people) prostrating themselves before a satrap of theirs, so I said: The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) has most right to have prostration made before him. When I came to the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him), I said: I went to al-Hirah and saw them prostrating themselves before a satrap of theirs, but you have most right, Apostle of Allah, to have (people) prostrating themselves before you. He said: Tell me , if you were to pass my grave, would you prostrate yourself before it? I said: No. He then said: Do not do so. If I were to command anyone to make prostration before another I would command women to prostrate themselves before their husbands, because of the special right over them given to husbands by Allah.
...
It continues, read the whole thing...
Also:
Islamic Law on Female Circumcision
There is a lot of controversy on the issue of Female Circumcision or Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). It is prohibited by law in most Westen Countries since it is a horrendous and cruel procedure that women are forced so suffer in many countries, particularly in North East Africa. It has a long tradition that goes back way before the time of Islam. It is practiced in varying degrees (see the links in this section). In Egypt the practice dates back even to the the time of the Pharaohs and it is sadly performed by people of different religious backgrounds. In discussions about this topic, Muslims usually insist that this practice is a cultural issue, and it is not religiously mandated by Islam.
The following quotation is taken from Reliance of the Traveller, Revised edition, amana publications, Beltsville, 1997. The title page informs us that this book is
The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law ‘Umdat al-Salikby Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri (d. 769/1368) in Arabic withFacing English Text, Commentary, and AppendicesEdited and Translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller
In this book, in the section titled "THE BODY", we find on page 59 the following entry:
Nuh Hah Mim Keller's Translation:
e4.3 Circumcision is obligatory (O: for both men and women. For men it consists of removing the prepuce from the penis, and for women, removing the prepuce (Ar. Bazr) of the clitoris (n: not the clitoris itself, as some mistakenly assert). (A: Hanbalis hold that circumcision of women is not obligatory but sunna, while Hanafis consider it a mere courtesy to the husband.)"
The above used abbreviations mean:
A: ... comment by Sheikh 'Abd al-Wakil Durubi
Ar. Arabic
n: ... remark by the translator
O: ... excerpt from the commentary of Sheikh 'Umar Barakat
However what the Arabic actually says is:
Circumcision is obligatory (for every male and female)by cutting off the piece of skin on the glans of the penis of the male,but circumcision of the female is by cutting out the clitoris(this is called HufaaD). {bold emphasis ours}
The Arabic word bazr does not mean "prepuce of the clitoris", it means the clitoris itself (cf. the entry in the Arabic-English Dictionary). qat‘ bazr which means "cutting (away) the clitoris".
The deceptive translation by Nuh Hah Mim Keller, made for Western consumption, obscures the Shafi’i law, given by ‘Umdat al-Salik, that circumcision of girls by excision of the clitoris is mandatory. This particular form of female circumcision is widely practiced in Egypt, where the Shafi’i school of Sunni law is followed.
Why would Nuh Hah Mim Keller deceive an infidel?!?
Read about lying in islam: (link)
Pertinent Links:
1) The Unpublicized Female Face of Islam
2) Women in Islam: An exegesis
3) Islamic Law on Female Circumcision
4) LYING
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